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Turf Material Components

What is Artificial Grass?

Artificial grass, also known as artificial turf, is a remarkable innovation designed to replicate the look and function of real grass. The history of artificial grass begins in the mid-20th century. It was Initially introduced as “Astroturf” in the mid-1960s at the Houston Astrodome; it has since evolved significantly.

Gone are the days of unattractive plastic ground covers limited to a handful of stadiums. Today’s artificial grass is a marvel of engineering. Crafted from synthetic materials, it offers an ideal solution for areas where natural grass struggles to thrive.

The manufacturing process of modern artificial turf meticulously captures the essence of natural grass, mirroring its textures and hues with utmost precision as pollomars and extruded fibers are blended with color. As a result, synthetic grass has surged in popularity, finding its place in both residential and commercial settings. Its relative affordability, low maintenance requirements, water conservation benefits, and eco-friendliness have transformed it into a coveted choice for countless homes and businesses across the globe.

What is Artificial Grass made of?

Typically made from polymer based materials, mixed with coloring, and put into molds or extruded to produce the thin fibers that become the artificial grass blades.

Artificial grass has evolved significantly since its introduction as “ChemGrass” back in 1965. Since then advancements in materials science and manufacturing technology have resulted in incredibly realistic synthetic grass products. Modern synthetic grass fibers are manufactured using one of three main types of artificial grass materials: Polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene (PE), and Nylon (PA), each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

Manufacturers have focused on more than just improving the aesthetics and realism of turf fibers. The manufacturing process enables them to enhance the durability and functionality of turf fibers by incorporating features like UV resistance, static blockers, and antimicrobial protection. It’s important to remember that each of the base materials has its own strengths, making them better suited for specific applications. So, instead of looking for the “best” material, focus on finding the one that best meets your needs.

For example; do you have dogs, are you going to use it for athletics or simply for home beautification.

What are the Fibers made of?

The foundation of artificial grass lies in its synthetic fibers. These fibers are typically made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or nylon. The distinct properties of each material make each of them suited to different applications. Additionally, manufacturers have developed a number of fiber shapes to enhance the aesthetics and functionality of their turf products.

What is Thatch made of?

Thatch consists of shorter, curly, densely woven fibers, typically tan, brown, or green, that mimic the layer of dead grass and organic matter found in natural grass lawns. It enhances the realistic appearance of the turf and adds to its softness. In addition to providing a realistic texture to turf, thatch also plays a role in the density of the turf. This is because thatch is included in face weight. In general: products without thatch are typically used in sports applications and mixed with sand and rubber. Products with thatch have a more balanced density from top to bottom and are typically used in home and commercial real estate installations.

Infill Components

What is Artificial Grass Infill?

Infill refers to the very small granular material (typically sand) although many other types of infill exist; this material is spread over the the tip of the turf during the installation. Infill acts as ballast, keeps turf in place, protects the backing from UV damage, keeps fibers upright, and mimics the sensation of walking on natural grass.

Placed between artificial grass fibers
Keeps grass blades upright
Shields backing from UV rays
Facilitates drainage of water & pet urine

Why is Infill Used on Artificial Grass?

What is Infill?

Infill is used for a variety of reasons, here are a few examples:

To Help Keep Turf Fibers Standing Up

The infill is power-broomed to evenly distribute it and help it settle between the fibers. This action ensures that the grass blades stand upright. When you step on the artificial grass or apply pressure to it, the infill assists the grass blades in returning to their original upright position. This not only helps to maintain the aesthetic appeal of the grass but also helps the turf fibers to withstand regular use. However, all synthetic grass will succumb to heavy foot traffic.

Protection from UV Rays

Infill not only keeps the turf standing but also shields the backing from the harmful UV rays of the sun. This protective layer helps maintain the quality and lifespan of your artificial grass.

Helps Mimic a Natural Sensation

In addition to its appearance-enhancing qualities, infill also provides a cushioning effect that mimics the natural impact absorption capabilities of soil found under natural grass. This means that when you walk on artificial grass, you can expect a similar sensation to walking on real grass. This comfortable experience adds to the overall enjoyment and satisfaction of having artificial grass.

Weight & Stability

For applications like fake grass for dogs, it may be worthwhile to consider upgrading to alternative infill materials that offer additional features to enhance the functionality and performance of the grass. to its appearance-enhancing qualities, infill also provides a cushioning effect

What Types of Infill are Used?

Silica Sand Infill

Silica sand helps keep the blades of artificial grass standing in an upright position. It also helps to improve drainage. Another benefit of this type of infill is its cost; generally, it is the least expensive type of infill material. However, there are some downsides to this type of infill product. The composition of the sand can also harden, which means that your artificial grass can end up losing its permeability. Lastly, it has been known to trap pet odors, so if you have pets, you may want to avoid this type of infill. Specifically for dogs, you should choose an acrylic covered sand with built-in antimicrobial protection that actually covers the silica sand.

T°Cool™ Infill

TºCool® infill is an innovative evaporative cooling technology that reduces synthetic turf surface temperatures by 35° F – 50° F without compromising the performance benefits. T°Cool® is an eco-friendly solution that combats the artificial turf “heat issue” and makes the surface cooler, safer, and more playable.

To create this evaporative cooling effect T°Cool® simply requires hydration in the form of irrigation, rainfall, or humidity to continuously activate – making it the only proven synthetic turf cooling infill that cools the entire synthetic turf system for sustained periods of time. In addition to the maximum, sustained cooling TºCool provides, TºCool is Infused with the non-metal, BIO BASED Antimicrobial, BacShield®. Derived from the renewable resource, Chitosan, BacShield helps to prevent the growth of bacteria, mold and mildew, and prevents stains, odors and product deterioration. BacShield is sustainable, renewable, hypo-allergenic, and biodegradable. T°COOL INFILL

Envirofill Infill

Envirofill is also an excellent high traffic area turf infill since the “rounder” edges of the product are easier on the artificial grass blades over time. It is also covered with a proprietary coating from the manufacturer for built-in antimicrobial protection from Microban® that claims to help prevent microbes such as odor-causing bacteria resulting from pet urine.

Premier Green Infill

Great single-use infill or used as a base layer for crumb rubber or organics. Silica free, resists bacteria and resists compaction.

HydroChill Infill

Hydrochill (a.k.a. Chill fill) is the coolest infill available hands down. It is made of sand that’s covered with a proprietary coating from the manufacturer. With the help of evaporative cooling (think spraying the turf off quickly with a hose or sprinkler), this coating helps to slow heat absorption in direct sunlight and sheds heat at a better rate than any other infill.

ZeoLite Infill (ZeoFill)

Zeolite infill (a.k.a. Zeofill or Zeolite Max) is a naturally occurring substance that is generally used to help eliminate pet waste smells. Zeolite is also very porous which helps to keep your turf cooler in direct sunlight compared to most rubber or sand infill options. Zeolite can be too lightweight for use as a primary infill. Generally, it is best to use a heavier infill, such as one of the sand options as your base infill and to then add a secondary infill layer of Zeolite as your top layer

BrockFILL

BrockFILL™ is a durable, cool, affordable, high-performance infill engineered for athletes. And it’s organic. In a world that is getting too hot, it’s time to cool off. BrockFILL™ is a highly engineered wood particle infill specifically designed to improve traction and reduce artificial turf heat. It’s made from a species of southern pine grown, harvested, and replanted in continuous cycles. Through a 9-step manufacturing process, they’ve created a durable, affordable, and renewable organic infill produced here in the USA. BROCKFILL™ INFILL

SafeShell® Infill

SafeShell® and SafeShell SmoothPlay™ are both part of Motz Group’s organic infill lineup, made from 100% USA-grown walnut shells. These infills provide all the benefits of a natural infill while maintaining safety, integrity, and quality. They are low-maintenance, long-lasting with make them a great alternative for turf systems. Safeshell SmoothPlay is Motz’s latest innovation in infills, designed to be cooler, with less friction and high durability. It's fine granular size allows it to settle easily into dense turf systems, resulting in a less abrasive surface. Abrasion in SmoothPlay is reduced by up to 42% compared to traditional crumb rubber and sand systems. It’s recommended for sports such as soccer, baseball, and American football.

CAMOFILL

Is popular for pet installations because of its Zinc Omadine™ZOE™Antimicrobial, which makes it resistant to bacteria. Camofill was designed to blend in and match today’s multi-yarn artificial turf for the most realistic look available. Camofill’s diverse colors and patent pending manufacturing process makes Camofill a true original.

Cork Infill

Cork is a natural, renewable material that is also suited to use as infill for synthetic turf pitches. It boasts good cushioning properties and is applied over a layer of sand. What’s more, the odorless material obtained from the bark of cork oak is completely biodegradable. Cork is a very light infill; it is therefore important to choose a fiber structure that optimally holds the filling material in place with cork-filled synthetic turf systems. Maintenance requirements and loss of infill are thus significantly reduced.

EDPM Infill

EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) rubber is a man-made rubber that can be made in any color and is generally thought to be safer than crumb rubber. It is also very durable, low maintenance and great for use in artificial turf for athletic fields, to help absorb shock. EPDM rubber infill tends to cost more than crumb rubber as it is not recycled. It may also still have some long term health concerns, although once again, studies haven’t definitively stated this yet. EPDM infill can also get quite hot on a sunny summer day.

Product Backing Material

What is the “Backing” on Artificial Turf?

The backing of artificial grass serves as its foundation, providing stability and support. It is typically made of materials like latex, polyurethane, or a combination of both. The backing holds the fibers in place and allows for secure installation.

The backing on synthetic grass has two parts: primary and secondary backing. Both the primary and secondary backings work together to provide dimensional stability to the entire system. The primary backing is comprised of woven polypropylene fabrics that allow the artificial grass fibers to be tufted into the material in rows and facilitate seaming between artificial grass panels.

In other words, it’s the durable material that the grass blades/fibers are stitched to. The secondary backing is often referred to as the ‘coating’ and is applied to the reverse side of the primary backing in order to permanently lock the tufted fibers in place. Together, the primary and secondary backing make up the “back weight.”

What is Primary Backing?

The primary backing consists of woven or non-woven fabric made from high-strength polyester or polypropylene. It provides a foundation for the synthetic grass fibers to be tufted (sown) into rows and facilitates seaming between panels.

Three common types of primary backing include:

• One layer of polypropylene fabric + One layer of net fabric

• One layer of polypropylene fabric + One layer of non-woven fabric

• Two layers of polypropylene fabrics

What is Secondary Backing?

The secondary backing is applied to permanently secure the tuft boned turf to the backing and enhance the stability of the artificial turf system. The most commonly used coating materials are latex and polyurethane.

Why is the Backing so Important?

When selecting artificial grass, it’s crucial to consider the quality of the backing. The backing serves as the glue that holds everything together. During the manufacturing process, the fibers (yarn) are tufted to a backing membrane, which is then coated in latex or polyurethane.

Opting for synthetic turf with a subpar backing can lead to various issues. One potential problem is loss of yarn, where the fibers detach from the backing. This results in a progressively thinning with heavy use, which can lead to creating patchy and sparse areas over time. Due to the sparse pile, flattening of the turf can happen much faster than what can be seen with normal use.

Choosing high-quality backing ensures a durable and visually appealing lawn that can handle daily use. Remember, quality backing is the backbone of a long-lasting and resilient synthetic turf.

How Does the Backing Allow Water to Drain Through?

Artificial grass products are designed to drain water in one of two ways depending on their intended application. The most common type of drainage is a hole-punched or “perforated” backing, which provides adequate drainage for most residential and commercial applications. The other type of drainage is a fully permeable or “non-perforated” backing that allows water to pass through any point in the backing, making it ideal for pet-friendly applications.

What is the "Sub-Base" for Artificial Grass?

In the artificial grass industry, the “base” or “sub-base,” refers to a layer of mixed materials, or aggregates that sits beneath the turf, providing stability, support, and drainage. It’s essentially the foundation for the artificial grass and plays a vital role in the overall performance and longevity of an installation.

Different materials can be used for the sub-base, each with its own characteristics and suitability for various applications.

The most popular sub-base materials for artificial grass installations are Crushed Miscellaneous Base (CMB), Class II Road Base, and Decomposed Granite (DG). Each of these materials are often combined to achieve proper drainage and over time, contributing to a more durable, stable and long-lasting artificial grass installation.

Why Does Artificial Turf Require a Base?

Artificial turf requires a sub-base primarily for stability and drainage purposes. Native soil, especially clay-heavy soil, is prone to expansion and contraction due to changes in temperature. This natural movement of the soil can lead to issues with the artificial turf, such as sinking, wrinkles, or uneven surfaces. A well-constructed sub-base acts as a stable, non-expansive layer that prevents these issues. It provides a uniform surface for the turf to lay on, ensuring that it remains flat and even over time, regardless of changes in the underlying native soil.

Moreover, a sub-base significantly improves turf drainage efficiency compared to native soil, especially in areas with heavy rainfall or poor natural drainage. Sub-base materials like crushed aggregate are more permeable than native soil, allowing water to drain through the turf and into the ground more quickly and effectively. This drainage is crucial for preventing water accumulation on the surface, which can lead to mold, mildew, and other moisture-related issues. In addition to enhancing the functionality and longevity of the artificial turf, effective drainage also maintains a safer and more comfortable playing or usage surface, free from puddles and mud.

How Much Sub-Base is Required?

For most artificial turf installations, the standard recommendation is to have a sub-base layer of approximately 2” to 4”. This depth is generally sufficient to provide the necessary stability, support, and drainage for the turf. The thickness of the sub-base plays a crucial role in ensuring the artificial grass remains flat and even over time.

Additionally, a deeper sub-base helps in effective drainage, allowing water to percolate through and reduce the risk of water logging or surface pooling.

However, the required depth of the sub-base can vary based on climate and usage conditions. For example, in residential installations located in arid climates, where there is less concern about drainage and soil movement, a sub-base of about 2 inches might be adequate. Conversely, in colder climates, where the ground is subject to freeze-thaw cycles that cause expansion and contraction of the native soil, a thicker base layer is advisable. This thicker layer helps to buffer the artificial turf from these movements, maintaining its integrity and preventing damage that can arise from the shifting ground.

Thus, the selection of sub-base depth should be tailored to the specific environmental conditions and usage requirements of the installation site. Commercial applications typically require at least 4″ of sub-base in order to withstand the greater volume of foot traffic.

Antimicrobial Technology

What is Antimicrobial Technology?

Antimicrobial technology infused into synthetic turf is designed to destroy or inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria, mold, and mildew from turf. Treating artificial grass products with antimicrobial technology can help prevent the growth and reproduction of these unwanted microbes, which can cause unpleasant odors, and even mold or mildew. Antimicrobial protection is slowly being incorporated into today’s turf products in the same way that UV protection is added. It’s best to ask direct questions about the turf product to assure this technology has been added to the fibers.

What sets antimicrobial technology apart from disinfectants?

Unlike disinfectants, which only temporarily reduce the presence of microbes, products with integrated antimicrobial technology consistently work to keep the number of microbes low throughout the entire lifespan of the treated product. Because the antimicrobial additives are built-in, as opposed to applied to the surface, they last the lifetime of the turf product. This means that your artificial grass will stay cleaner and fresher for longer.

Antimicrobial protection can be incorporated into the backing and fibers of artificial grass. It’s also a key feature of two popular infill products commonly used in pet-friendly applications. Envirofill and T°Cool™ infill are both equipped with antimicrobial technology that helps to prevent the buildup of odors and bacteria in pet turf installations. T°Cool Infill includes the antimicrobial additive, BacShield, while Envirofill is integrated with Microban® antimicrobial technology.

What is an Antimicrobial Additive?

Antimicrobial additives have been a game-changer in the artificial grass industry, especially given concerns about hygiene and cleanliness. These additives work as a shield, preventing the growth of bacteria, mold, and other harmful microorganisms. Not only does this provide a clean and safe surface, but also improves the durability and longevity of the product. By adding one or a combination of various antimicrobial substances during manufacturing, products will have around-the-clock protection against the growth of bacteria, mold, mildew, and microbes.

These additives are specifically formulated for different types of materials and production processes, ensuring maximum effectiveness. The best part about integrating antimicrobial protection into artificial grass products is that it remains active throughout its lifetime. The technology does not wash away or wear off, meaning that it remains present and active for the expected lifetime of the turf product.

With more and more people looking for pet-friendly grass alternatives for dogs, antimicrobial technology is becoming increasingly popular in dog runs and commercial pet facilities such as SPCA’s and Humane Society locations. By helping to prevent the buildup of bacteria and odors from dog urine, antimicrobial additives offer a more hygienic environment for your furry friends.

UV-Resistant Materials

What Does "UV-Resistant" Mean?

UV-Resistant: The ability of a material to resist ultraviolet (UV) light or sunlight.

If you’re considering artificial grass for your home, business, or organization, you’ll want to ensure you get the most out of your investment. Like any material that’s exposed to the sun for prolonged periods, synthetic grass is susceptible to damage from the sun’s harmful UVA and UVB rays. Fortunately, modern turf products are equipped with UV-resistant additives that are incorporated into turf products during the manufacturing process.

The intensity of UV radiation increases with higher sun exposure, meaning that areas with more direct sunlight can cause more damage to your turf. The level of UV radiation varies depending on the time of day and location. If you live in an area with low UV radiation levels, your turf will be less susceptible to damage compared to those living in equatorial zones, sunny latitudes, or areas with thin air that receive higher annual sun exposure.

Just like our skin, artificial grass needs extra protection to combat aging. UV radiation can damage the molecular makeup of certain materials, leading to faster deterioration. Choose high-quality UV-protected artificial turf to ensure longevity and resistance against UV radiation. Below we’ll explore this topic in more detail to give you a complete understanding of UV-stabilizers and why they’re incorporated into artificial grass.

How Do UV-Rays Damage Plastics?

When plastics are exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, they either absorb it or produce free radicals that harm the material’s mechanical properties. Apart from a decrease in mechanical strength, exposure to UV radiation can lead to the following effects in plastics that have low UV resistance:

• A chalk-like surface appearance

• Surface embrittlement and cracking

•Changes in color and fading

Not all plastics are created equal when it comes to UV resistance. Some plastics, known as UV-resistant plastics, naturally have a built-in defense mechanism against UV degradation. On the other hand, there are plastics that need a little help in the form of additives to enhance their UV resistance. These are called UV-stabilized plastics. Interestingly enough, neither polypropylene nor nylon falls into the category of naturally UV-resistant plastics. This means that they require those special additives to improve their UV resistance.

How Do Manufacturers Improve UV-Resistance?

To create UV-resistant plastics, an essential step in the manufacturing process involves incorporating UV absorbers and stabilizers. These chemical compounds work by absorbing UV radiation and converting it into harmless heat, effectively preventing it from reaching the polymer chains. This process helps maintain the plastic’s structural integrity and reduces the risk of degradation.

Blockers – Fillers like titanium oxide or carbon black pigments can act as UV radiation blockers. These pigments help prevent the UV rays from reaching the polymers that make up the plastic used to manufacture artificial grass and thus prolong the material’s lifespan.

Absorbers – Absorbers work by absorbing UV radiation and then converting it into heat. Typical organic absorbers include benzophenones and benzotriazoles. Benzotriazoles can be introduced in concentrations as low as 0.5% by volume and still significantly increase UV resistance.

Stabilizers – Stabilizers work by trapping any free radicals that get formed. This then minimizes subsequent degradation of the intermolecular bonds within the plastic. Stabilizers are also known as scavengers because they “scavenge” and collect any free radicals. Among the most common are the hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS).

Oftentimes, all three types of additives are introduced into the plastic to improve its UV resistance on multiple fronts. Manufacturers have the flexibility to customize the type and concentration of these additives to suit specific applications and UV exposure conditions.

What is "UV-Resistant" Artificial Turf?

UV-Resistant artificial turf refers to synthetic grass products that have built-in protection against the sun’s harmful UV rays. UV resistance is crucial to preserving the appearance and quality of artificial grass. When exposed to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) light, synthetic turf fibers can experience discoloration or degradation. This is because UV light initiates a process called “photooxidative degradation,” which breaks down polymer chains and eventually leads to complete material degradation.

To counter these effects, modern, high-quality artificial grass products incorporate UV stabilizers. These additives, included in the resin before the synthetic blades are formed, provide resistance against UV rays and prevent UV degradation. By directly integrating the stabilizers into the blade material, they become a part of the molecular structure of the turf fibers. UV stabilizers are incorporated into synthetic turf along with other enhancements like antimicrobial protection. Making these additives part of the physical structure of turf fibers ensures that they remain effective throughout the lifespan of the turf and do not wear away or wash off.

While some minor fading may occur naturally over time when artificial grass is exposed to outdoor elements, quality turf with UV resistance exhibits minimal fading, even when evaluated over a decade or more. With proper care and maintenance, high-quality artificial grass can maintain its vibrant green color for many years, allowing you to enjoy a natural-looking landscape for the long term.

Turf Drainage

What is Turf Drainage & How Does it Work?

Artificial grass serves more than just aesthetic purposes, although having a beautiful yard is definitely a bonus. It also needs to be functional, especially when it comes to handling rainwater and pet urine. That’s where turf drainage comes into play. The backing of turf products is designed to drain water in various ways.

Initially introduced in the mid-1960s, artificial grass featured a hole-punch drainage system, with small holes punched in the backing every 4 to 6 inches. This type of drainage system is the most common type of drainage found on turf products, and for good reason, it works. That is unless you have pets, in which case it doesn’t work as well as it should.

One of the most common problems with hole-punch drainage is the infill material clogging the drainage holes. Synthetic grass relies on infill, such as silica sand, to keep the fibers upright and act as a ballast to prevent shifting. The most popular infill material is silica sand, which is a tried and true component of artificial turf installations. However, as time goes by and the turf is exposed to elements like wind, rain, and foot traffic, the sand particles tend to accumulate in the drainage holes, causing clogs.

With a hole-punch backing, liquids tend to pool in the area between the holes, which is usually fine in the case of rainwater. However, when it comes to dog urine, it can result in unpleasant odors. To tackle this issue, turf manufacturers have developed more pet-friendly drainage systems that are now standard in most artificial grass products designed for dogs.

One such innovation is fully permeable backings, which allow water and dog urine to pass through the entire surface of the turf. This edge-to-edge drainage system is commonly used in pet turf applications and areas that require maximum drainage, such as dog runs and designated potty areas

Why Does Sub-Base & Pre-Installation Matter?

Sub-base material and pre-installation site preparation are critical for ensuring efficient drainage in artificial turf installations. The sub-base material, typically made of crushed aggregate or similar permeable substances, serves as a foundational layer that facilitates water movement away from the turf surface. Unlike native soil, which can be compact and retain moisture, these materials are designed to allow water to filter through quickly and efficiently. This is especially important in areas prone to heavy rainfall or with poor natural drainage, as it prevents water from pooling on the surface, which can lead to issues like mold, mildew, and a breakdown of the turf backing over time.

Pre-installation site preparation, including grading and leveling the area, is equally important for drainage. Proper grading ensures that the surface is sloped subtly to direct water away from buildings or pooling areas. Without this, even with a permeable sub-base, water might not drain effectively, leading to accumulation and potential damage. Leveling the site ensures a uniform thickness of the sub-base, which is essential for consistent drainage across the entire turf area. Together, the right sub-base material and thorough site preparation create a system that efficiently manages water, maintaining the turf’s integrity, appearance, and safety while reducing maintenance needs.

What is Hole-Punch Backing? (Perforated)

A perforated or hole-punch backing is the most common type of drainage found on turf products. It consists of holes that are punched through the polyurethane backing that are spaced 4” – 6” apart. It’s a reliable and time-tested system for draining liquids from artificial grass. Hole-punch turf backings drain water at a rate of 50 – 300 inches of water per hour.

When installing artificial turf with a hole-punch backing, contractors may offer to incorporate a system like AirDrain, which creates a 1-inch air void underneath your artificial turf. By elevating the synthetic turf, the water can drain more easily through the holes, and the air is allowed to circulate, helping with surface temperatures and discouraging the growth of any contaminants.

Flow-Through Backing (100% Permeable/Non-Perforated)

A non-perforated or fully permeable “flow-through” backing is the newest, most advanced backing technology on the market. Synthetic turf products with flow-through backings have 100% permeability, allowing liquids to drain uniformly throughout the turf instead of through regularly spaced holes. This makes it the most efficient type of turf drainage system resulting in an unprecedented drainage rate of hundreds of inches per hour.

The efficiency of turf products with edge-to-edge drainage makes it a popular choice for pet-friendly installations, playgrounds, and sports fields. Because the entire backing of the artificial turf is permeable, water and dog urine are able to pass through any point in the backing.

What Causes Poor Artificial Turf Drainage?

While it’s true that synthetic grass drainage is infinitely superior to its natural grass counterpart, it is not without its own drainage concerns. Any artificial grass surface installed securely and professionally will ensure maximum drainage after every use; however, you’ll still need to be aware of factors that could hinder the effectiveness of your synthetic turf drainage system:

• Installation errors – Turf that’s improperly installed and misplaced can result in blocked drainage. Ensure that your installer’s measurements are calculated precisely for effective drainage.

• Surface quality – Surfaces that aren’t level can lead to natural puddles, hindering the efficacy of your turf’s drainage. Additionally, clay-based soil can block drainage due to its density.

• Infill – Finding the right amount of infill is essential to effective drainage. Too much infill and your drainage will be blocked; insufficient infill will lead to an improper installation of your synthetic turf base.

General Artificial Grass Questions

What is Artificial Turf (a.k.a. Artificial Grass, Synthetic Turf, Fake Grass)?

Artificial grass, also known as synthetic turf or fake grass, is a meticulously engineered surface that closely replicates the look and feel of natural grass. This innovative approach to landscaping eliminates the unpredictable growth of natural grass, providing a consistently picturesque yard. To achieve this, it’s comprised of several key components:

What are Artificial Turf Fibers?

The foundation of artificial grass lies in its synthetic fibers. These fibers are designed to withstand the rigors of outdoor use while maintaining a lifelike appearance. Yarn comes in a variety of colors, thicknesses, and blade shapes to mimic specific species of grass. Turf fibers or yarn are manufactured using one of the following materials: polyethylene, polypropylene, and nylon.

What is Polyethylene?

Polyethylene is the most popular yarn material because of its versatility. It also offers an ideal balance between durability, softness, and aesthetics. It’s the most realistic-looking grass available and behaves the most like real grass. Polyethylene is extremely resistant to water absorption, meaning it does not keep pet odors. If you are concerned about odors, this is the material you should choose. It’s softer than nylon but more durable than polypropylene, making it a good middle ground suitable for a variety of applications.

What is Polypropylene?

Polypropylene is less durable and less expensive than the other two materials. When used in the blades of grass, polypropylene is the thinnest and the softest of the three materials. It is most commonly used as a thatch layer.

What is Nylon turf?

Nylon is the most expensive and durable yarn material. Its most important qualities are its strength, resilience, and heat resistance. Good uses of nylon artificial grass include commercial applications like rooftop decks, as well as home applications like backyard putting greens.

What is Thatch?

Beneath the surface, artificial grass often includes a thatch layer. Thatch consists of shorter, densely woven fibers that mimic the layer of dead grass and organic matter found in natural lawns. The thatch fibers come in varying colors, weights, and textures that add volume and depth to the product. A thatch layer provides the natural look and feel of a real lawn and adds an additional layer of cushion for shock absorption. If you’re looking for a synthetic grass product for your front or back lawn, a product with thatch will get you the closest look to the real thing.

In addition to providing a realistic texture to turf, thatch also plays a role in the density of the turf. This is because thatch is included in face weight. In general: products without thatch are much denser at the top of the pile. Products with thatch have a more balanced density from top to bottom.

What is Infill?

Infill materials, such as silica sand or crumb rubber, are often added to artificial grass to enhance its performance. Infill improves stability, provides cushioning, and helps maintain the upright position of the fibers. Additionally, infill materials can contribute to efficient drainage and help reduce odors, especially in pet-friendly environments.

The most common infill material used is silica sand, which is spread over the turf and then brushed until it settles between the turf fibers. The infill helps keep the individual turf fibers upright and acts as ballast to prevent the turf from shifting.

Additionally, the infill provides a more realistic feel to the turf when you walk on it, as well as protecting the backing from sun damage. As the turf industry has grown, the number of infill materials has increased with some brands offering antimicrobial, anti-odor, or cooling properties. Different infill materials are best suited to different applications, so consult with your installer about what type of infill you should use.

What is Pile Height?

The pile height of synthetic turf refers to the height of the blades and how tall the artificial grass is. For an artificial sports field, outdoor dog run, or other high-traffic areas, lower pile heights such as 3/8 to 5/8 inches are used. This will provide a more durable surface that still suits a variety of needs. For lawns, balconies, patios, and rooftops, a taller pile height of 1 ¼ to 2 ½ inches offers a luxurious and true-to-life feel.

What is Face Weight?

The face weight of fake grass refers to the weight of the synthetic turf blades per square yard. Tall and dense turf materials will naturally weigh more and are often considered to be of higher quality. However, that is not always the case. Depending on your intended use, you may want to choose less dense and shorter grass to make your new artificial lawn simpler to clean.

What is Turf Density?

Artificial grass is stitched together, and the density is the number of blades that are stitched together per square inch. The higher the density, typically the higher the quality of artificial grass.

What is Turf Drainage?

When referring to “drainage” on artificial turf, it’s in reference to the type of backing the turf is equipped with. Liquids like water and pet urine need to go somewhere, so it’s important that they are able to pass through the turf and into the sub-base below. In order to do that, the liquids must pass through the turf’s backing.

There are two types of backings or drainage systems: fully permeable and hole-punched.

• Fully-Permeable Backing: Allows water and pet urine to pass directly through any point in the turf. Commonly referred to as a “Flow-Through” backing this type of drainage is best for pet-friendly applications and areas where maximum drainage is required.

• Hole-Punch Backing: Has drainage holes every few inches and is best for dry areas that seldom see excess runoff. Hole-punched backings are the most common type of drainage and has withstood the test of time.

What is Sub-base?

The sub-base of artificial turf is essentially the foundation of your installation, which needs to be a highly compacted and slightly graded surface. The most popular material for the sub-base is class II road base, which when compacted still allows for efficient drainage. A properly installed sub-base is critical to a quality turf installation.

Attempting to install artificial grass directly on top of the soil will not end well. The soil expands and contracts with fluctuations in temperature, which will cause wrinkles and buckling in synthetic grass. For installations requiring maximum drainage efficiency, a layer of decomposed granite can be added on top of the class II road base.

As the best sub-base material, class II road base is also one of the most expensive options. Below are some of the other sub-base materials that installers use:

• Class II Road Base

• Decomposed Granite

• CMB (Crushed Miscellaneous Base)

• Crushed Aggregate Base (CAB)

Types are the different types of Artificial Grass?

Artificial grass comes in various types, each tailored to specific needs. From short-pile turf to longer, lusher varieties for residential lawns, the options are diverse. Some varieties even feature different shades of green, enhancing their natural appeal.Whether you desire a backyard fit for a putting green or a soft, inviting space for relaxation, there’s an artificial grass type that aligns perfectly with your vision. These specialized turf products incorporate features and enhancements to address specific requirements:

What is the Best Landscaping Turf?

Landscaping artificial grass is designed for residential use. It offers a lush, natural appearance with a mix of blade lengths and colors to mimic real grass. UV protection ensures color longevity, even in direct sunlight. Some landscaping turf varieties incorporate antimicrobial protection, making them resistant to mold and mildew. Additionally, efficient drainage backings are integrated to withstand rain and pet use.

What is the Best Landscaping Turf?

What is Pet-Friendly Turf?

For pet owners, there’s a specialized artificial grass solution that includes efficient drainage systems that help with drainage, some products incorporate hole-punch and permeable backings which work to maximize drainage to help maintain a clean, safe environment. These turfs often incorporate antimicrobial technology to combat bacteria, ensuring a hygienic space for pets. It is suggested that if you are planning a project that will see heavy dog activity that you leave your sprinklers in for periodic rinsing and disinfection for odor control. You should not expect your artificial turf to magically make dog urine odors disappear. By managing a cleaning and disinfecting rhythm odors can stay under control.

What is Playground Turf?

Playground turf is designed with safety in mind. It provides a soft, cushioned surface to protect children from falls and injuries. These turfs adhere to strict safety standards, ensuring they meet impact attenuation requirements. They also incorporate features like UV resistance to maintain their vibrant appearance despite constant exposure to sunlight. Depending on the type of project and installation, fall protection padding can be added underneath the turf layer which can meet or exceed the standard ASTM fall ratings for playgrounds.

What is Putting Green Turf?

For golf enthusiasts, putting green turf offers the ideal practice surface for improving your short game. Artificial turf putting greens come in 2-types of product builds. Low-pile and Professional.

Low pile, or LIPG (low infill putting greens) are made out of nylon and offer a smooth, uniform textured putting green, allowing for a smooth and consistent roll. Professional putting greens are non-thatch, 1” tall material that is infilled with sand. These types of putting greens closely mimic the real thing with the ability to take 100+ yard chip shots and perform just like a real green. Additionally, stimpmeter readings of 10+ can be achieved depending on the compaction of the sand. These greens are significantly harder to install than the more common LIPG material and as a result are much more expensive.

Synthetic turf products have become so versatile that golf greens can include built-in undulations and slopes to mimic the challenges of a real green.

Can you install artificial grass on a Rooftop, Deck & Patio?

Roof, deck and patio turf are designed for urban spaces with limited ground areas. These turfs are lightweight and feature excellent drainage, preventing water accumulation on rooftops or balconies. They offer homeowners the opportunity to transform underutilized spaces into green retreats. Some installations will require the addition of PDS tile to act as a barrier under the turf to allow for drainage channels.

How eco-friendly is Artificial Grass?

Artificial grass is an eco-friendly landscaping solution that offers significant water savings. A traditional lawn can consume on average 56,000 thousand of gallons of water each year, contributing to water scarcity in many regions. In contrast, artificial grass requires no regular watering. According to the Southern Nevada Water Authority, installing artificial grass can save up to 55 gallons of water per square foot annually, helping address water scarcity concerns.

It’s also an eco-friendly alternative to natural grass lawns. Synthetic grass doesn’t need to be mowed, trimmed, fertilized, aerated, reseeded, or watered. It eliminates the carbon emissions from landscaping equipment and the contamination of groundwater by pesticide and fertilizer runoff.

How Durable and Long-lasting is Artificial Grass?

Artificial grass is built to endure heavy foot traffic and the test of time. Its sturdy construction, combined with advanced UV-resistant technology, ensures your investment will remain intact and attractive for years to come. The biggest challenge with heavy traffic areas is that the turf will flatten out over time. However, the integrity of the material, the water and maintenance savings remain.

Is Artificial Grass Allergy-Friendly and Pet-Friendly?

Artificial grass provides relief for allergy sufferers, as it doesn’t release pollen or allergenic grass seeds into the air. These products offer a way to enjoy a soft, safe outdoor environment that keeps both humans and pets healthy and happy.

How do you Clean and Maintain Artificial Grass?

Maintaining your artificial lawn is easy and stress-free, saving you time and effort. Regularly remove debris, leaves, and twigs to keep it clean. A gentle rinse with a hose will help maintain freshness, or leave your sprinklers in for the occasional rinsing. In case of spills or stubborn stains or odors, specialized artificial grass cleaners are available with a simple Google search. Occasional brushing to keep the fibers upright also helps maintain its lush appearance.

What are the costs and Long-Term Savings with Artificial Grass?

While the initial investment in artificial grass is higher than natural grass, consider it a long-term investment in your quality of life. Calculate the savings on water bills, lawn maintenance equipment, and maintenance services over the years. Artificial grass often proves more cost-effective in the long run, allowing you to redirect your resources to other aspects of your home and life. The upfront costs pale in comparison to the enduring benefits and savings it provides.

The initial cost of installing artificial grass can vary depending on factors like the size of your lawn and the type of artificial grass you choose. On average, homeowners can expect to pay between $15 and as high as $27 per square foot for installation when considering a professional putting green. While this upfront cost is a lot higher than natural grass, the long-term savings are substantial.

Consider that maintaining a natural grass lawn involves ongoing expenses such as lawn mowers, trimmers, fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides. According to the National Association of Landscape Professionals, the average annual cost of maintaining a natural grass lawn can range from $700 to $2,000. Over the years, these costs add up significantly.

What is the Return on Investment (ROI)

By switching to artificial grass, homeowners can recoup their initial investment over time, thanks to the elimination of ongoing maintenance costs. Additionally, artificial grass can increase property value, providing an attractive return on investment as enhanced curb appeal (ROI).

Artificial grass can enhance your property’s value. A beautifully landscaped, hassle-free yard can make your home more attractive to potential buyers, ultimately leading to a higher resale value. It’s an investment that pays off in more ways than one, both in terms of convenience and property appreciation. Investing in artificial grass is a smart decision that adds long-term value to your property.

What is the Environmental Impact of Artificial Grass?

Artificial grass significantly reduces the carbon footprint associated with lawn maintenance. Gas-powered lawnmowers are a major source of air pollution. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), traditional gas-powered lawnmowers emit as much pollution per hour as 11 cars. It’s the equivalent of driving a car for over 1,100 miles. By eliminating the need for these emissions-producing machines, artificial grass contributes to cleaner air and a healthier environment.

Minimizing Chemical Use

Maintaining natural grass often involves the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides. These chemicals can leach into the soil and groundwater, posing risks to the environment and human health. Children and pets, who frequently play on lawns, are especially vulnerable to these chemicals. Artificial grass eliminates the need for these harmful substances, creating a safer outdoor environment for families.

Conserving Water Resources

Water conservation is a pressing concern, particularly in warmer climates where drought and water scarcity are significant issues. Natural grass lawns demand regular watering to stay lush, leading to water waste. In contrast, artificial grass requires no irrigation.

According to the EPA, the average American household uses 320 gallons of water per day. 30% of that is used for outdoor purposes, including lawn watering. Every day an average of 9 billion gallons of water is used on residential lawns in America. That’s an average of 27 gallons of water per person, per day. By switching to artificial grass, homeowners can make a significant contribution to water conservation efforts.

Is artificial grass Safe?

Artificial grass is safe. In fact, it can be a healthier choice since it reduces exposure to pesticides and allergenic grasses often associated with natural lawns. You can create a safe, worry-free environment for your loved ones.

Is artificial grass suitable for all climates?

Absolutely! Artificial grass is designed to withstand various climates, from hot and arid regions to cold and rainy ones. Be sure to choose a type suitable for your specific climate for the best results.

Can I install artificial grass on uneven terrain?

Yes, you can install artificial grass on uneven terrain, but it may require some groundwork to ensure a smooth and level surface. Professional installation is recommended for challenging landscapes to achieve the best results.

How long does artificial grass typically last?

The lifespan of artificial grass varies depending on factors like quality, usage, and maintenance. High-quality artificial grass can last up to 15-20 years or more with proper care, providing years of enjoyment and value.

Can I install artificial grass over my existing lawn?

No! Regardless of the application, artificial grass needs a solid foundation to be properly installed. Soil expands and contracts with fluctuations in temperature, which causes dimples, wrinkles, and loose turf. Additionally, regular soil doesn’t drain liquids as efficiently as the materials used to construct the sub-base that most turf is installed on. The one exception is when installing turf on an already solid and level surface like concrete.

This can be done by using “AirDrain” panels placed on top of the concrete. The drainage tiles create a gap between the turf and concrete allowing air to circulate and water to drain away.

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